|
|
REFERENCES
[1] Burton CV Spine 1978 Mar; 3(1): 24-30 Lumbosacral arachnoiditis
[2] Official Report 12 January 1998: Vol.304,c.152
[3] Burton CV, Internet article Adhesive arachnoiditis: The Global Economic Liability 1997
[4] Jayson MI, Keegan A, Million R, Tomlinson I Lancet 1984 Nov 24; 2(8413): 1186-7 A fibrinolytic defect in chronic back pain syndromes.
[5] Burton CV appearing in Neurological Surgery, Third Edition, Volume 4, pp: 2856-2865
[6] Koide J, Takada K, Sugiura M, Sekine H, Ito T, Saito K, Mori S, Takeuchi T, Uchida S, Abe T J Virol 1997 Mar; 71(3): 2478-2481 Spontaneous establishment of an Epstein-Barr virus-infected fibroblast line from the synovial tissue of a rheumatoid arthritis patient. Wen S, Shimizu N, Yoshiyama H, Mizugaki Y, Shinozaki F, Takada K Am J Pathol 1996 Nov; 149(5): 1511-1517 Association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with Sjogren's syndrome: differential EBV expression between epithelial cells and lymphocytes in salivary glands. James JA, Kaufman KM, Farris AD, Taylor-Albert E, Lehman TJ, Harley JB J Clin Invest 1997 Dec 15; 00(12): 3019-26 An increased prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in young patients suggests a possible etiology for systemic lupus erythematosus. Dror Y, Blachar Y, Cohen P, Livni N, Rosenmann E, Ashkenazi A Am J Kidney Dis 1998 Nov; 32(5): 825-8 Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection.
[7] MacDonald SM, Rafnar T, Langdon J, Lichtenstein LM Science 1995 Aug 4; 269(5224): 688-90 Molecular identification of an IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factor.
[8] Benini A,Blanco J Schweitz Arch Neurol Psychiatr 1990;141(4):293-343 [Chronic fibroplastic leptomeningitis of the spinal cord and cauda equina]
[9] Tatara N Brain Nerve (Tokyo) 1992; 44(12): 1115-1125 Experimental Syringomyelia in rabbits and rats after localized spinal arachnoiditis.
[10] Johnson AJ, Burrows EH Br J Radiol 1978 Mar;51(603):196-202 Thecal deformity after lumbar myelography with iophendylate( Myodil) and meglumine iothalamate (Conray 280)
[11] Junck L, Marshall WH Ann Neurol 1983 May; 13(5): 469-84 Neurotoxicity of radiological contrast agents.
Skalpe IO Spine 1978 Mar; 3(1): 61-4 Adhesive arachnoiditis following lumbar myelography. Suolanen J Ann Clin Res 1977 Aug; 9(4): 257-60 Adhesive arachnoiditis after lumbar myelography.
Johansen JG, Barthelemy CR, Haughton VM, Lipman BT, Ho KC AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1984 Jan-Feb;5(1):97-9 Arachnoiditis from myelography and laminectomy in experimental animals
Tabor EN, Batzdorf U Neurosurgery 1996 Nov;39(5):1040-2 Thoracic spinal Pantopaque cyst and associated syrinx resulting in progressive spastic paraparesis: case report [12] Skalpe IO Radiology 1976 Dec; 121(3 Pt. 1): 647-51 Adhesive arachnoiditis following lumbar radiculography with water-soluble contrast agents. A clinical report with special reference to metrizamide. Jensen TS, Hein O J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978 Feb; 41(2): 108-12 Intraspinal arachnoiditis and hydrocephalus after lumbar myelography using methylglucamine iocarmate. Tanaka K, Nishiura I, Koyama T No Shinkei Geka 1987 Jan; 15(1): 89-93 Arachnoiditis ossificans after repeated myelographies and spinal operations--a case report and review of the literature]. Ward W, Matheson M, Gonski A Med J Aust 1976 Aug 28; 2(9): 333-5 Three cases of granulomatous arachnoiditis after myelography. Haughton VM, Ho KC, Larson SJ, Unger GF, Correa-Paz F Radiology 1977 Jun; 123(3): 681-5 Experimental production of arachnoiditis with water-soluble myelographic media. Haughton VM, Ho KC Radiology 1982 Jun; 143(3): 699-702 Arachnoid response to contrast media: a comparison of iophendylate and metrizamide in experimental animals.
Ahlgren P Invest Radiol 1980 Nov-Dec;15(6 Suppl): S264-6 Early and late side effects of water-soluble contrast media for myelography and cisternography: a short review. Bohutova J, Vojir R, Kolar J, Grepl J Diagn Imaging 1979; 48(6): 320-5 Some unusual complications of myelography and lumbosacral radiculography. Hansen EB, Fahrenkrug A, Praestholm J Br J Radiol 1978 May; 51(605): 321-7 Late meningeal effects of myelographic contrast media with special reference to metrizamide.
[13] Nakagawa H, Arita S, Kobayashi S, Ikoma Y, Oshino N Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1989 Mar; 93(3): 187-96 [Neurotropic effects of non-ionic contrast media]. Obeid T, Yaqub B, Panayiotopoulos C, al-Jasser S, Shabaan A, Hawass NE Ann Neurol 1988 Oct; 24(4): 582-4 Absence status epilepticus with computed tomographic brain changes following metrizamide myelography. Adams MD, Hopkins RM, Ferrendelli JA Invest Radiol 1988 Sep; 23 Suppl 1:S217-9 A rat EEG model for evaluating contrast media neurotoxicity. Maly P, Bach-Gansmo T, Elmqvist D AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1988 Sep; 9(5): 879-83 Risk of seizures after myelography: comparison of iohexol and metrizamide. Llewellyn CG, Campbell DR, Quartey GR Can Assoc Radiol J 1988 Sep; 39(3): 230-1 Intracranial subdural hematoma complicating metrizamide myelography.
Kessler A, Radwan H, Kott E Harefuah 1988 May 1; 114(9): 435-7 [Transient encephalopathy following cervical myelography with metrizamide]. Kassicieh D, Drake ME Jr, Shuttleworth EC, Rammohan KW J Am Osteopath Assoc 1988 Mar; 88(3): 384-6 Conduction aphasia following metrizamide myelography. Ahmed I, Pepple R, Jones RP Clin Electroencephalogr 1988 Jan; 19(1): 37-42 Absence status epilepticus resulting from metrizamide and omnipaque myelography.
[14] Wood KM Arguelles J Norenberg MD Reg Anaesth 1980 5:13-15 Degenerative lesions in rat sciatic nerves after local injections of methylprednisolone in aqueous solution.
[15] Nelson DA Arch Neurol 1988 Jul;45(7): 804-806 Dangers from methylprednisolone acetate therapy by intraspinal injection
[16] Mackinnon SE, Hudson AR Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1982; 69: 482-489 Peripheral nerve injection injury with steroid agents.
[17] National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia, 1994 Epidural use of steroids in the management of back pain and sciatica of spinal origin.
[18] Byrod G, Olmarker K Spine 1995 20: 138-143 Rapid transport route between the epidural space and the intraneural capillaries of the nerve roots.
[19] Rosen CD, Kahanovitz N, Bernstein R, Viola K Clin Orthop 1988 Mar; (228):270-2 A retrospective analysis of the efficacy of epidural steroid injections.
[20] Andersen KH, Mosdal C Acta neurochir (Wien) 1987; 87(1-2): 52-3 Epidural application of cortico-steroids in low-back pain and sciatica.
[21] Cuckler JM, Bernini PA, Wiesel SW, Booth RE Jr, Rothman RH, Pickens GT J Bone Joint Surg[Am] 1985 Jan; 67(1):63-6 The use of epidural steroids in the treatment of lumbar radicular pain. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
[22] Carette S, Leclaire R, Marcoux S, Morin F, Blaise GA, St-Pierre A, Truchon R, Parent F, Levesque J, Bergeron V, Montminy P, Blanchette C N Engl J Med 1997 Jun 5; 336(23): 1634-40 Epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica due to herniated nucleus pulposus.
[23] Ringsdal VS, Nielsen NA, Slot O, Kryger P Ugeskr Laeger 1997 Sep 15;159(38): 5653-7 [Epidural glucocorticoid injection in lumbago sciatica]
[24] Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR); (Federal Government Agency) 1994 Clinical Practice Guideline No.14; Acute Low back problems in Adults: assessment and treatment.
[25] Vandermeulen E, Gogarten W, Van Aken H Anaesthetist 1997 Sep;46 Suppl 3: S179-S186 [Risks and complications following peridural anesthesia]
[26] Haisa t, Todo T, Mitsui I, Kondo T Neuro Med Chir(Tokyo) 1995 Feb;35(2):107-9 Lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis following attempted epidural anesthesiacase report
[27] Yuen EC, Layzer RB, Weitz SR, Olney RK Neurology 1995 Oct; 45(10): 1795-801 Neurological complications of lumbar epidural anesthesia and analgesia.
[28] Rocco AG, Philip JH, Boas RA, Scott D Reg Anesth 1997 Mar-Apr; 22(2):167-77 Epidural space as a Starling resistor and elevation of inflow resistance in a diseased epidural space.
[29] Hurst E, Weston J. Pathol Bacteriol 1955 38(70): 167-178 Adhesive Arachnoiditis and Vascular Blockage Caused by Detergents and other Chemical Irritants: An Experimental Study.
[30] Austin RT, Zuk JA J R Coll Surg Edinb 1989 Feb; 34(1): 30-2 Epidural adhesions after chymopapain chemonucleolysis.
[31] Moon MS, Kim I, Ok IY, Lee KW Int Orthop 1990;14(1):79-83 The response of nerve tissue to chymopapain
[32] Wehling P, Pak MA, Georgescu HI Acta Orthop Belg 1990; 56(3-4); 539-44 Intrathecal injection of a specific enzyme in rats as a model for chemically induced spinal cord injury.
[33] Kelly JM, Asbury AK, King JS J Neuropathol Exp neurol 1975 Sep; 34(5): 388-400 Neuropathological effects of intrathecal water.
[34] Moore DC, Hain RH JAMA 1954 156: 1050-1053 Importance of the perineural spaces in nerve blocking
[35] Malinovsky JM, Pinaud M Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1996; 15(5): 647-58 [Neurotoxicity of intrathecally administered agents.]
[36] Sghirlanzoni A, Marazzi R, Pareyson D, Olivieri A, Bracchi M Anaesthesia 1989 Apr;44(4):317-21 Epidural anaesthesia and spinal arachnoiditis
Sklar EM, Quencer RM, Green BA, Montalvo BM, Post MJ Radiology 1991 Nov; 181(2): 549-554 Complications of epidural anesthesia: MR appearance of abnormalities.
[37] Burm AG Clin Pharmacokinet 1989 May; 16(5): 283-311 Clinical pharmacokinetics of epidural and spinal anaesthesia.
[38] Guyer DW, Wiltse LL, Eskay ML and Guyer BH. Spine 1989 Dec; 14(12): 1332-1341 The long range prognosis of arachnoiditis.
[39] Wilkinson HA Alternative therapies for the Failed Back Syndrome in The Adult Spine, JW Frymoyer ed.1991
[40] Jenik F, Tekle-Haimanot R, Hamory BH Paraplegia 1981; 19(3): 140-54 Non-traumatic adhesive arachnoiditis as a cause for spinal cord syndromes. Investigation of 507 patients.
[41] COFWA Survey, Martha Richardson 1999
[42] Brandt T Audiol Neurootol 1996 Jul-Aug; 1(4): 187-96 Cervical vertigo--reality or fiction?
[43] Bowsher D J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996 Jul; 61(1): 62-9 Central pain: clinical and physiological characteristics.
[44] Ziegler MG, Ruiz-Ramon P, Shapiro MH Psychosom Med Jul-Aug; 55(4):339-46 Abnormal stress responses in patients with diseases affecting the sympathetic nervous system.
[45] Mathias CJ Hypertension 1991 Nov; 18(5 Suppl): III22-30 Role of sympathetic efferent nerves in blood pressure regulation and in hypertension.
[46] Khurana RK Neurology 1987 Jul; 37(7): 1221-4 Orthostatic hypotension-induced autonomic dysreflexia.
[47] Mathias CJ Hypertension 1991 Nov; 18(5 Suppl): III22-30 Role of sympathetic efferent nerves in blood pressure regulation and in hypertension. Colachis SC 3d J Am Paraplegia Soc 1992 Jul; 15(3):171-86 Autonomic hyperreflexia with spinal cord injury.
[48] Auld AW Spine 1978 Mar; 3(1): 88-91 Chronic spinal arachnoiditis. A post-operative syndrome that may signal its onset.
[49] Bayer A, Thiel HJ, Zrenner E, Paulus W, Ried S, Schmidt D Nervenarzt 1995 Feb; 66(2): 89-96 [Disorders of color perception and increase glare sensitivity in phenytoin and carbamazepine therapy. Ocular side effects of anticonvulsants.
[50] Luoto S, Taimela S, Hurri H, Alaranta H Spine 1999 Feb 1; 24(3): 255-61 Mechanisms explaining the association between low back trouble and deficits in information processing. A controlled study with follow-up. Kuhajda MC, Thorn BE, Klinger MRAnn Behav Med 1998 Winter; 20(1): 31-5 The effect of pain on memory for affective words.
[51] Torres D, Bauso Toselli L, Vecchi E, Leiguarda R, Doctorovich D, Merello M, Guevara J, Nogues M Medecina (B Aires) 1993;53(50):391-396 [Spinal arachnoiditis as a complication of peridural anesthesia]
Sklar EM, Quencer RM, Green BA, Montalvo BM, Post MJ Radiology 1991 Nov;18(2):549-554 Complications of epidural anesthesia: MR appearances of abnormalities
Nogues MA, Merello M, Leiguarda R, Guevara J, Figari A Eur Neurol 1992;32(2):99-101 Subarachnoid and intramedullary cysts secondary to epidural anesthesia for gynecological surgery
Tseng SH, Lin SM Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1997 Dec; 99(4): 256-8 Surgical treatment of thoracic arachnoiditis with multiple subarachnoid cysts caused by epidural anesthesia.
[52] Kendall BE, Valentine AR, Keis B, Neuroradiology 1982 Spinal arachnoid cysts: clinical and radiological correlation with prognosis.
[53] Kamada K, Iwasaki Y, Hida K, Abe H, Isu T No Shinkei Geka 1993 Feb;21(2):135-140 [Syringomyelia secondary to adhesive arachnoiditis: clinical profiles and efficacy of shunt operations]
[54] Caplan LR, Norohna AB, Amico LL J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990 Feb; 53(2): 106-113 Syringomyelia and arachnoiditis.
[55] Tatara N Brain Nerve (Tokyo) 1992 44(12): 1115-1125 Experimental syringomyelia in rabbits and rats after localised spinal arachnoiditis.
[56] Kelley RE, Daroff RB, Sheremata WA, McCormick JR Arch Neurol 1980 Sep; 37(9): 588-9 Unusual effects of metrizamide lumbar myelography. Constellation of aseptic meningitis, arachnoiditis, communicating hydrocephalus, and Guillaine-Barre syndrome.
[57] Hendler NH, Bergson C, Morrison C Psychosomatics 1993 Dec; 34 (6): 49-501 Overlooked Physical Diagnoses in Chronic Pain Patients Involved in Litigation, Part 2.
[58] Perry, Barnes, Gronley Clin.Orthopaedics and Related Research 1988 Aug; 233:145-162 The Postpolio Syndrome-An Overuse Phenomenon
Perry, James, Fontaine, Mulroy, Downey Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 1995 Aug;77-A(8):1148-1153 Findings in Post-Poliomyelitis Syndrome
[59] Burton CV, Internet publication( Institute for Low back and neck care website) ,April 1998
[60] Sjogren PM, Jensen NH, Jensen TS Pain 1994 Nov; 59(2): 313-6 Disappearance of morphine-induced hyperalgesia after discontinuing or substituting morphine with other opioid agonists.
[61] Ebert B et al J Pain Symptom Manage 1998 15(5):269-274 Dextropropoxyphene acts as a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist.
[62] McQuay HJ, Acta Anesthiol Scand 1997; 41 (1): 175-183 Opioid use in chronic pain
[63] Reimann W, Schlutz H, Selve N Anesth Analg 1999 Jan; 88(1): 141-5 The antinociceptive effects of morphine, desipramine, and serotonin and their combinations after intrathecal injection in the rat.
[64] James A. Stangl and John D. Loeser: Current Review of Pain 1997 1: 353-360. Intraspinal Opioid Infusion Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Nonmalignant Pain [Review article]
[65] Paice JA, Penn RD, Shott S J Pain Symptom Manage 1996 Feb; 11(2): 71-80 Intraspinal morphine for chronic pain; a retrospective multicenter study.
[66] Bejjani GK, Karim NO, Tzortzidis F Surg Neurol 1997 Sep; 48(3): 288-91 Intrathecal granuloma after implantation of a morphine pump: case report and review of the literature. Cabbell Kl, Taren JA, Sagher O Neurosurgery 1998 May; 42(5): 1176-80 Spinal cord compression by catheter granulomas in high-dose intrathecal morphine therapy: case report.
[67] Sjoberg M, Karlsson PA, Nordborg C, Wallgren A, Nitescu P, Appelgren L, Linder LE, Curelaru I Anesthesiology 1992 Feb; 76920; 173-86 Neuropathological findings after long-term intrathecal infusion of morphine and bupivicaine for treatment in cancer patients.
[68] Malinovsky JM, Lepage JY, Cozian A, Mussini JM, Pinaudt M, Souron R Anesthesiology 1993 Jan; 78(1):109-115 Is ketamine or its preservative responsible for neurotoxicity in the rabbit?
[69] Nordt SP Ann Pharmacother 1996 Oct;30(10):1179-80 Chlorobutanol toxicity; DeChristoforo R, Corden BJ, Hood JC, Narang PK, Magrath IT Ann Intern Med 1983 Mar; 98(3): 335-6 High-dose morphine infusion complicated by chlorobutanol-induced somnolence.
[70] Malinovsky JM, Pinaud M Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1996; 15(5): 647-58 [Neurotoxicity of intrathecally administered agents.]
[71] Kumar K, Nath R, Wyant GM J Neurosurg 1991 Sep; 75(3): 402-7 Treatment of chronic pain by epidural spinal cord stimulation: a 10-year experience.
[72] Meilman PW, Leibrock LG, Leong FT Clin J Pain 1989 Jun; 5(2): 189-93 Outcome of implanted spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of chronic pain: arachnoiditis versus single nerve root injury and mononeuropathy. Brief clinical note.
[73] Ronzoni G, De Vecchis M, Rizzotto A, Raschi R, Cuneo L Ann Urol (Paris) 1988; 22(1): 31-4 [Long-term results of spinal cord electrostimulation in the treatment of micturition disorders associated with neurogenic bladder].
[74] Kumar K, Nath R, Wyant GM J Neurosurg 1991 Sep; 75(3): 402-7 Treatment of chronic pain by epidural spinal cord stimulation: a 10-year experience.
[75] OConnor M, Brighouse D, Glynn CJ Clin J Pain 1990 Sep; 6(3): 240-2 Unusual complications of the treatment of chronic spinal arachnoiditis.
[76] El-sayed A et al JAMA 1999; 281:818-823 Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Low Back Pain. A Randomised Crossover Study.
[77] Wheeler AH, Tucker CL AJPM 1997; 7(3): 92-97 Electrical muscle stimulation: Portable electrotherapy for neck and low back pain: patient satisfaction and self-care.
[78] Andalaro VJ, Monaghan DT, Rosenquist TH Pediatr Res 1998 Jan; 43(1): 1-7 Dextromethorphan and other N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor anatagonists are teratogenic in the avian model.
[79] Lohmann K, Prohl A, Schwartz E Gesundheitswesen 1996 Jun; 58(6): 322-31 [Multiple chemical sensitivity disorder in patients with neurotoxic illnesses].
[80] MacDonald SM, Rafnar T, Langdon J, Lichtenstein LM Science 1995 Aug 4; 269(5224): 688-90 Molecular identification of an IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factor.
[81]Ecoiffier EB, Tubery M, Adoue D, Durroux R, Juchet H, Ollier S, Arlet P Presse Med 1997 Jun 21;26(21): 995-999 [Systemic manifestations of primary Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome. Nature and incidence apropos of 34 cases].
Tajima Y, Tsukishima E, Sudo K, Aimoto Y, Tashiro K No To Shinkei 1997 Sep; 49(9): 825-8 [A case of Sjogren syndrome associated with multiple mononeuritis and dysautonomia including bilateral tonic pupils].
Vetrugno R, Liguori R, Cevoli S, Salvi F, Montagna P Ital J Neurol Sci 1997 Oct; 18(5): 293-5 Adies tonic pupil as a manifestation of Sjogrens syndrome.
Font J, Valls J, Cervera R, Pou A, Ingelmo M, Graus F Ann Rheum Dis 1990 Oct; 49(10): 775-8 Pure sensory neuropathy in patients with primary Sjogrens syndrome: clinical, immunological, and electromyographic findings.
[82] Kumazawa K, Sobue G, Yamamoto K, Shimada N, Mitsuma T Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1993 Oct;33(10): 1059-65 [Autonomic dysfunction in sensory ataxic neuropathy with Sjogrens syndrome]
[83] Nitsche A, Leiguarda RC, Maldonado Cocco JA, Lazaro MA, Garcia Morteo O Clin Rheumatol 1991 Mar; 10(1): 5-9 Neurological features in overlap syndrome.
[84] Tesavibul : Immunology Service, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Multiple Autoimmune Diseases :Internet source
[85] Kendall BE, Tatler GL Br J Radiol 1978 Feb; 51(602): 81-92 Radiological findings in neurosarcoidosis
[86] Sharma OP Chest 1997 Jul;112(1): 220-8 Neurosarcoidosis: a personal perspective based on the study of 37 patients
[87] Marinac JS Ann Pharmacother 1992 Jun; 26(6): 813-822 Drug- and chemical-induced aseptic meningitis: a review of the literature.
[88] Ribiero C, Reis FC Acta Med Port 1998 Jan:11(1): 59-65 [Adhesive lumbar arachnoiditis]
[89] Batzdorf U, Klekamp J, Johnson JP J Neurosurg 1998 Sep;89(3): 382-8 A critical appraisal of syrinx cavity shunting procedures
[90] Klekamp J, Batzdorf U, Samii M, Bothe HW J Neurosurg 1997 Feb; 86(2): 233-40 Treatment of syringomyelia associated with arachnoid scarring caused by arachnoiditis or trauma.
Introduction
|
||||||
![]() |
|
||||||